封面 书名页 版权页 Preface 目录页 1 Gas Explosion Technique Principles and Biomass Refining Pandect 1.1 Gas Explosion Technical Overview 1.1.1 History of Gas Explosion Technique 1.1.2 Technical Classification of Gas Explosion 1.1.3 Latest Developments of Gas Explosion Technique 1.2 Biomass Refinery and Gas Explosion Technology 1.2.1 Biomass Concept and Biomass Refining 1.2.2 Lignocellulosic Biomass Recalcitrance to Degradation 1.2.3 Effective Methods to Expose Cellulose in Cell Wall by Physicochemical Pretreatments 1.2.4 Advantages of Steam Explosion-Derived Biomass Refining 1.3 Foreground and Prospect 1.3.1 Preface 1.3.2 Cognition of Biomass Supermolecule Structure and Necessity of Selective Structural Deconstruction 1.3.3 Analysis of Biomass Recalcitrance and Breaking Pathways 1.3.4 Changes of Biomass Mechanical Properties During Refining Process 1.3.5 Thermodynamics and Dynamics During Biomass Refining Processes 1.3.6 Basis of Biomass Engineering Science References 2 Principle of Gas Explosion Technology 2.1 The Main Parameters Affecting the Gas Explosion Process 2.1.1 Overview 2.1.2 Effect of Material Parameters on Gas Explosion 2.1.3 Effect of Operating Parameters on Gas Explosion 2.1.4 Effect of Equipment Parameters on the Gas Explosion 2.1.5 Relationship Between Product Parameters and Gas Explosion 2.2 Multi-scale Modeling of Biomass Pretreatment for Steam Explosion Condition Optimization 2.2.1 Overview 2.2.2 Multi-scale Model Eduction in the Instantaneous Decompression Stage of Steam Explosion 2.2.3 Multi-scale Model Connotation 2.2.4 Establishing a Novel Severity Factor on the Basis of Chip Size,Discharge Port Area, and Moisture Content 2.3 Mechanisms of the Physical and Chemical Coupling Effects of Gas Explosion 2.3.1 Overview 2.3.2 Effects of SE on Degradation of Hemicellulose and Lignin 2.3.3 Effects of SE on Pore Distribution of Straw 2.3.4 Effects of SE on Permeability of Straw 2.3.5 Effects of SE on EHY of Straw 2.4 Dissolution Thermodynamics of the Degradation Products of Steam-Exploded Straw 2.4.1 Overview 2.4.2 Effects of Temperature on the Dissolution Rate of Degradation Products 2.4.3 Effects of LSR on the Dissolution Rate of Degradation Products 2.4.4 Effects of Ionic Strength on the Dissolution Rate of Degradation Products 2.4.5 Effects of pH on the Dissolution Rate of Degradation Products 2.4.6 Optimal Dissolution Conditions for Sugars and Phenolic Compounds 2.4.7 Dissolution Thermodynamic Principles for Degradation Products in SE 2.5 Formation Kinetics of Potential Fermentation Inhibitors in a Steam Explosion Process of Corn Straw 2.5.1 Overview 2.5.2 Determination of Potential Fermentation Inhibitors in Steam Explosion Hydrolysates 2.5.3 Yields of Inhibitors at Different Steam Explosion Conditions 2.5.4 Dynamic Parameters and Yield Equations of Inhibitors in Steam Explosion Process 2.6 Analysis of Energy Consumption on Steam Explosion Process 2.6.1 Overview 2.6.2 The Composition of Steam Explosion Energy Consumption 2.6.3 Calculation Formulas for Each Part of Energy 2.6.4 Experiment Design and Data Processing 2.6.5 Relationship Between the Ratio of Tank Height to Diameter, Loading Coefficient, Initial Moisture Content of Materials, Holding Temperature, and Total Energy Consumption 2.6.6 Energy Analysis of Steam Explosion Process References 3 Gas Explosion Equipments 3.1 Cutter Bar and Dedusting Equipments 3.1.1 Knife-Rall Straw Cutter 3.1.2 Straw Baler 3.1.3 Straw Baler Loosing Machine 3.1.4 Conveyor 3.2 Rehydration and Dehydration Equipments 3.2.1 Rehydration Equipment 3.2.2 Dehydration Equipment 3.3 Gas Explosion Equipments 3.3.1 Batch Gas Explosion Equipment 3.3.2 Continuous Gas Explosion Equipments 3.3.3 In Situ Gas Explosion Equipment 3.4 Steam Generator 3.4.1 Overview of Steam Generator 3.4.2 Electric Steam Generator 3.4.3 Fuel Steam Generator 3.4.4 Coal-Fired Steam Generator 3.5 Receiver 3.6 Parameters Detection 3.6.1 System for Dynamic Data Test 3.6.2 Pressure Transducers 3.6.3 Temperature Transducers 3.6.4 Solid Flowmeter 3.7 Carding Device 3.7.1 Hydraulic Carding Device (Paul Fractionator) 3.7.2 Airflow Grading Device 3.7.3 Mechanical Carding Device References 4 Process Development of Gas Explosion 4.1 Process Development of Gas Explosion Technology 4.1.1 Overview of Gas Explosion Technology 4.1.2 Iogen Steam Explosion Technology 4.1.3 Stake Steam Explosion Technology 4.1.4 Low-Pressure and Non-pollution Steam Explosion Technology 4.1.5 In Situ Gas Explosion Technology 4.1.6 In Situ Multistage Flashing and Steam Explosion Drying Technology 4.1.7 Steam Explosion and Carding Technology 4.2 Process Development of Eco-industrialization of Steam-Exploded Materials 4.2.1 Biomass Resource and Its Distribution 4.2.2 Collection and Transportation of Biomass 4.2.3 Properties of Lignocellulosic Materials 4.2.4 Utilization Status and Existing Problems of Lignocellulose 4.2.5 Necessity of Lignocellulose Refinery 4.2.6 Refinery of Lignocellulosic Materials 4.2.7 Process Integration of Steam Explosion Technologies 4.2.8 Examples of Ecological Development of Multi-component Solid Materials References 5 Characterization and Research Methods of Gas-Exploded Materials 5.1 Structural Morphology Characterization of Gas-Exploded Materials 5.1.1 Length Measurement of Fibrocytes 5.1.2 Research of Fiber Roughness and Weight Factor 5.1.3 Microscope Characterization 5.1.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Characterization 5.1.5 Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) 5.1.6 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) 5.1.7 Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) 5.1.8 X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Characterization 5.1.9 Molecular Weight Determination 5.1.10 Degree of Polymerization Determination 5.2 Determination of Components of Gas-Exploded Materials 5.2.1 Determination of Cellulose Content 5.2.2 Lignin Content Determination 5.2.3 Hemicellulose Content Determination 5.2.4 Extract Content Determination 5.2.5 Non-fiber Cell Content Determination 5.2.6 Protein Content Determination 5.2.7 Wax Content Determination 5.2.8 Lipid Content Determination 5.2.9 Ash Content Determination 5.2.10 Moisture Content Determination 5.2.11 Flavonoid Content Determination 5.2.12 Pectin Content Determination 5.2.13 Tannin Content Determination 5.3 Determination of the Active Groups in Gas-Exploded Materials 5.3.1 Determination of Methoxyl Group Content 5.3.2 Determination of Hydroxyl Content 5.3.3 Determination of Carboxyl Content 5.3.4 Simultaneous Determination of Carboxyl and Phenolic Hydroxyl 5.4 Particle Properties Characterization of Gas-Exploded Materials 5.4.1 Particle Size Analysis 5.4.2 The Application of Fractal Dimension in the Particle Characterization 5.5 Interface Characterization Performance of Gas-Exploded Materials 5.5.1 Determination of the Specific Surface Area 5.5.2 The Characterization of Interfacial Tension 5.5.3 Characterization of Contact Angle 5.6 Characterization of Porous Properties of Gas-Exploded Materials 5.6.1 Characterization of Pore Size Distribution 5.6.2 Characterization of Permeability Coefficient 5.6.3 Characterization of Other Properties of Porous Media 5.7 Characterization of Biomechanical Property of Gas-Exploded Materials 5.7.1 Characterization of Hydrogen Content 5.7.2 Tensile Strength 5.7.3 Compressive Strength 5.7.4 Bending Property 5.7.5 Shear Strength 5.7.6 Hardness and Impact Toughness 5.8 Characterization of Wet and Dry Performance of Gas-Exploded Materials 5.8.1 The Moisture Content and Shrinkage 5.8.2 The Existing State of Water 5.8.3 Fiber Saturation Point 5.9 Characterization of Physicochemical Properties of Gas-Exploded Materials 5.9.1 Chemical Bond Energy 5.9.2 Thermodynamic Energy 5.9.3 Enthalpy Value 5.9.4 Specific Heat Capacity 5.9.5 Thermal Conductivity 5.10 Rheological Characterization of Gas-Exploded Materials References 6 Applications of Gas Explosion in Biomass Refining 6.1 Applications of Gas Explosion in Food Industry 6.1.1 Processing of Fruit and Vegetable Residue 6.1.2 Meat Residue Processing 6.1.3 Marine Products Processing 6.1.4 Food Processing 6.1.5 Roughage Processing 6.2 Application of Gas Explosion Technology in Pharmaceutical Industry 6.2.1 Problems in Processing and Extraction Process of Medicinal Plants 6.2.2 Gas Explosion Enhancing Bioactive Ingredients Extraction from Traditional Chinese Medicines 6.2.3 Gas Explosion Processing of Traditional Chinese Medicines 6.2.4 Gas Explosion Technology Focused Ecological Industry of Medicinal Plants 6.3 Application of Gas Explosion Technology in Bioenergy 6.3.1 Pretreatment of Feedstock in Bioenergy 6.3.2 Advantages of Gas Explosion for Bioenergy Feedstock Pretreatment 6.3.3 Typical Applications of Gas Explosion in Bioenergy 6.4 The Applications of Steam Explosion Technology in Biomaterial Field 6.4.1 Natural Textile Fiber Extraction Using Steam Explosion Technology 6.4.2 Preparation of Natural Cellulose Nanofiber by Steam Explosion 6.4.3 Wood-Based Panels Made by Steam Explosion Corn Straw 6.4.4 Dissolving Pulp Produced by Steam-exploded Straw 6.4.5 Polyurethane Foam Produced by Steam-exploded Straw Liquidation 6.4.6 Protein Fiber Processing 6.5 Application of Steam Explosion Technology in Chemical Industry 6.5.1 Oxalic Acid 6.5.2 Furfural 6.5.3 Acetylpropionic Acid 6.5.4 Xylooligosaccharide/Xylose/Xylitol 6.5.5 Citric Acid 6.5.6 Xanthan Gum 6.5.7 Phenolic Acids 6.5.8 Silicon Dioxide 6.5.9 Chemical Production Examples Based on Steam Explosion Technology 6.6 Application of Steam Explosion Technology in Environmental Protection 6.6.1 Damage and Management of Solid Wastes 6.6.2 Organic Fertilizer Manufacturing 6.6.3 Application of Steam Explosion in Papermaking Industry 6.6.4 Environmental Materials Manufactured with Steam-Exploded Straw References ..更多